Energy is an essential component of human environment as it supports daily life, economic activities, industrial growth, and overall development. Based on their availability and methods of generation, energy resources are broadly classified into conventional and non-conventional sources. Understanding these sources and adopting effective energy conservation measures is crucial for sustainable development and environmental protection. Conventional sources of energy are those that have been traditionally used for a long period of time. These include fossil fuels such as coal, petroleum, and natural gas, as well as hydropower and nuclear energy. Coal is one of the most widely used conventional energy sources, especially for electricity generation and industrial purposes. Petroleum products like petrol, diesel, and kerosene are extensively used in transportation, industries, and households. Natural gas is considered a relatively cleaner fossil fuel and is used for cooking, power generation, and fertilizer production. Hydropower, generated by harnessing the energy of flowing water through dams and turbines, is another important conventional source that provides renewable electricity but often involves ecological and social challenges