Attribution refers to the process by which individuals explain the causes of their own and others' behavior. It helps people understand why an event occurred and whether it was due to internal factors such as personality, ability, and effort or external factors such as luck, situation, and social environment. Attribution theories are central to social psychology because they influence perception, judgment, emotions, and interpersonal relationships. One of the earliest and most influential theories is Fritz Heider's Naïve Psychology Theory (1958). Heider proposed that people naturally act like "naïve psychologists" who seek to understand the causes of behavior. According to him, behavior is attributed either to internal (dispositional) causes or external (situational) causes. Internal attribution refers to personal qualities such as intelligence, motivation, or character, whereas external attribution refers to environmental influences beyond the individual's control. For example, if a student scores high marks in an examination, a teacher may attribute the success to the student's hard work and intelligence (internal attribution). However, another teacher may believe that the examination was easy or that the student received external help (external attribution). Another important explanation is Jones and Davis' Correspondent Inference Theory (1965). This theory focuses on how people infer stable personality traits from observed behavior. According to the theory, individuals are more likely to make dispositional attributions when the behavior is freely chosen, socially undesirable, and has unique consequences. The theory assumes that people try to determine whether an action corresponds to an individual's true personality. For instance, if an employee voluntarily stays late at work without being asked, colleagues may infer that the employee is dedicated and responsible. If the employee stayed