Green logistics is an emerging concept within logistics management that emphasizes the incorporation of environmentally sustainable practices into the planning, implementation, and control of the flow of goods and services. Traditional logistics focuses primarily on efficiency, cost reduction, and timely delivery. In contrast, green logistics integrates ecological considerations into these processes, aiming to minimize the environmental footprint of logistics activities while maintaining operational efficiency. It recognizes that logistics activities, including transportation, warehousing, inventory management, packaging, and reverse logistics, can significantly impact the environment through carbon emissions, energy consumption, waste generation, and resource depletion. The core principle of green logistics is to balance economic efficiency with environmental responsibility, thereby promoting sustainable supply chain management practices. The concept of green logistics is rooted in the broader framework of sustainable development, which seeks to meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Logistics operations contribute to environmental challenges such as air pollution, greenhouse gas emissions, noise pollution, and the depletion of natural resources. For instance, transportation accounts for a substantial portion of carbon emissions due to the heavy reliance on fossil fuels in trucks, ships, and airplanes. Warehousing and storage facilities consume significant energy for lighting, heating, and cooling, contributing to environmental degradation. Packaging, often non-biodegradable or excessive, leads to solid waste problems, while reverse logistics for returns and disposal often remains inefficient, creating additional environmental burdens. Green logistics addresses these issues by redesigning logistics processes, adopting cleaner technologies, and promoting resource optimization. One of the central components of green logistics is green transportation, which focuses on reducing the environmental impact of moving goods. This includes optimizing routes to minimize fuel consumption, using alternative fuel vehicles such as electric or hybrid trucks, consolidating shipments to reduce the number of trips, and encouraging modal shifts from high-pollution modes like road transport to more eco-friendly options like rail or waterways. Additionally, green warehousing involves energy-efficient storage facilities,