Sensory disorders are conditions in which one or more sensory systems do not function normally, resulting in difficulty receiving, processing, interpreting, or responding to information from the environment. Sensory information is obtained through the senses of vision, hearing, smell, taste, touch, balance, and body position. In Behavioural Sciences, sensory disorders are important because sensory functioning strongly influences perception, learning, communication, emotional development, social interaction, and behaviour. A disturbance in sensory functioning may therefore affect not only physical abilities but also psychological and behavioural adjustment. One of the most common sensory disorders is visual impairment. Vision enables a person to identify objects, recognize faces, read, judge distances, and understand the surrounding environment. Visual impairment ranges from partial loss of vision to complete blindness. Common visual disorders include myopia, hypermetropia, astigmatism, cataract, glaucoma, colour blindness, and retinal disorders. Myopia is difficulty seeing distant objects clearly, whereas hypermetropia causes difficulty in seeing nearby objects. Astigmatism results from irregular curvature of the cornea or lens and may produce blurred vision. Cataract involves clouding of the eye lens, while glaucoma is associated with damage to the optic nerve, often related to increased pressure within the eye. Colour blindness causes difficulty distinguishing certain colours, particularly red and green. Visual impairment can affect educational performance, mobility, independence, and social interaction. Children with significant visual difficulties may experience frustration or dependence on others if appropriate support is not provided. Hearing impairment is another major sensory disorder. Hearing allows individuals to perceive speech, sounds, music, warning signals, and other environmental information. Hearing loss may be conductive, sensorineural, or mixed. Conductive hearing loss occurs when sound is not efficiently transmitted through the outer or middle ear, often because of infections, fluid accumulation, or structural problems. Sensorineural hearing loss results from damage to the inner ear or auditory nerve and may occur because of ageing, excessive noise exposure, infections, genetic factors, or certain medications. Mixed hearing loss contains characteristics of both types. Hearing impairment may range from mild difficulty hearing soft sounds to profound deafness. In children, untreated hearing loss can interfere with speech and language development, academic achievement, and social relationships. Adults may experience communication difficulties, social withdrawal, reduced occupational functioning, and emotional stress. Tinnitus is a common auditory problem in which a person perceives sounds such as ringing, buzzing, humming, or hissing without an external sound source. It may be temporary or persistent and can occur along with hearing loss or after exposure to loud noise. Persistent tinnitus may interfere with concentration, sleep, communication, and emotional well-being. Behavioural responses may include irritability, anxiety, difficulty concentrating, and social avoidance. Appropriate medical assessment and management can help determine its underlying cause and reduce its impact. Balance disorders are sensory disorders involving the vestibular system of the inner ear, which helps maintain equilibrium, posture, and awareness of body movement. Common balance-related conditions include vertigo, vestibular dysfunction, and Ménière’s disease. Vertigo produces a sensation