Kolkata, formerly known as Calcutta, was one of the most important colonial cities of British India and developed as a major centre of administration, trade, commerce, and culture. The spatial organization of colonial Kolkata reflected the social, economic, and racial divisions created under British rule. The city was broadly divided into different parts, each having distinct social meanings and functions during the colonial period. The most significant division was between the “White Town” and the “Black Town.” The White Town was the area occupied mainly by the British officials, European merchants, and colonial elites. It was located around the administrative and commercial centre of the city, including areas near the Fort William, Dalhousie Square (now B.B.D. Bagh), and Chowringhee. This part of the city was characterized by planned streets, large colonial buildings, spacious residences, gardens, and modern civic facilities. It represented British power, authority, and cultural superiority. The construction of government offices, courts, churches, and clubs in this area reflected the institutional dominance of the colonial state. The Black Town was mainly inhabited by the indigenous population, including traders, artisans, labourers, and lower-income groups. Areas such