Consider a system with three discrete energy levels: ?0, ?1 and ?2 with degeneracies of 1, 3 and 5, respectively. Write the expression for the molecular partition function (q) for this system.

 Briefly describe the concept of proton hopping (Grotthuss mechanism) in aqueous
solutions.

State the mathematical expression for the Clausius inequality and outline its
significance in thermodynamics.

Explain the physical significance of Gibbs energy

Differentiate between a permutation and a configuration for a system of particles.

What is the "improper rotation" of molecules? Explain this symmetry element
using a suitable example.

 State the law of constancy of interfacial angles in crystallography.