Training needs assessment (TNA) is a systematic process used to identify gaps between the current competencies of employees and the skills, knowledge, or behaviors required to achieve organizational goals effectively. It serves as the foundation for designing relevant and effective training programs by determining what training is needed, who requires it, and how it should be delivered. TNA ensures that training resources are allocated efficiently, focusing on areas that will have the greatest impact on individual and organizational performance. There are several methods for conducting training needs assessment, each with its own advantages and limitations. One common method is organizational analysis, which examines the organization’s objectives, strategies, and performance levels to identify areas where training can support business goals. The advantage of this method is that it aligns training with organizational priorities, ensuring that learning initiatives contribute directly to overall performance. However, it may overlook individual or team-specific