A disaster is a serious disruption in the functioning of a community or society causing widespread human, material, economic, and environmental losses that exceed the ability of the affected community to cope using its own resources. Disasters may occur suddenly or develop gradually, but they always create conditions that threaten life, property, livelihoods, and the environment. A disaster is not merely the occurrence of a hazardous event; it results from the interaction of hazards with vulnerable populations and inadequate capacity to manage risks. Therefore, the impact of a hazard depends on the level of preparedness, resilience, and socio-economic conditions of the affected region. Disasters are broadly classified into natural and human-induced disasters. Natural disasters include earthquakes, floods, cyclones, hurricanes, droughts, tsunamis, volcanic eruptions, landslides, heat waves, cold waves, and pandemics. Human-induced or technological disasters include industrial accidents, nuclear accidents, chemical leaks, oil spills, transportation accidents, urban fires, environmental degradation, terrorism, armed conflicts, and cyber-attacks affecting critical infrastructure. In many cases, disasters are triggered by a combination of