Carbon footprint refers to the total amount of greenhouse gases released directly or indirectly by an individual, organization, activity, product, or institution. It is generally expressed in terms of carbon dioxide equivalent (CO₂e), which combines the effects of carbon dioxide (CO₂), methane (CH₄), nitrous oxide (N₂O), and other greenhouse gases according to their global warming potential. A carbon footprint therefore represents the contribution of an activity to climate change. In the context of healthcare, the carbon footprint of a hospital includes emissions resulting from electricity and fuel consumption, transportation, medical equipment, heating and cooling, water use, pharmaceuticals, food services, construction, and the generation, treatment, and disposal of healthcare waste. Hospitals are essential institutions that operate continuously and require substantial quantities of energy, water, medicines, equipment, and other resources. Consequently, hospitals can have a considerable environmental impact. Special considerations of waste management require hospitals not only to manage waste safely but also to reduce the quantity of waste generated and minimize the greenhouse gas emissions associated with its treatment and disposal. Carbon-footprint reduction can therefore be achieved through coordinated improvements in hospital energy management, waste management, procurement, transportation, water conservation, and clinical practices. One of the most important ways of minimizing a hospital's carbon footprint is improving energy efficiency. Hospitals consume large amounts of electricity for lighting, air-conditioning, ventilation, sterilization, refrigeration, diagnostic equipment, computers, elevators, and other medical devices. Energy-efficient LED lighting can replace conventional lamps and reduce electricity consumption. Automatic lighting controls, occupancy sensors, and daylight utilization can further reduce unnecessary energy use. Regular maintenance of electrical equipment and switching off equipment when it is not required also helps reduce energy consumption. Hospitals can also reduce emissions by improving heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning systems. Proper temperature control, efficient chillers, heat recovery systems, insulation, and regular servicing of air-conditioning equipment can substantially reduce energy consumption. Hospital buildings should be designed or modified to maximize natural ventilation and natural lighting wherever infection-control requirements permit. Renewable energy sources such as solar photovoltaic systems and solar water heaters can also replace part of the energy obtained from fossil fuels. Energy audits should be conducted regularly to identify areas of excessive consumption and opportunities for improvement. Effective healthcare waste management is another major approach to reducing carbon footprints. Waste should be segregated at the point of generation into appropriate categories, such as infectious waste, sharps, pharmaceutical waste, chemical waste, recyclable waste, and general non-hazardous waste, according to applicable regulations. Proper segregation prevents ordinary waste from becoming contaminated and unnecessarily requiring energy-intensive treatment. It also improves recycling and recovery of materials. Mixing infectious and non-infectious waste increases the volume requiring specialized treatment and therefore increases environmental impacts. Waste minimization should begin before waste is generated. Hospitals can adopt the principles of reduce, reuse, and recycle wherever patient safety and infection-control requirements permit. Unnecessary packaging should be avoided, and reusable medical items can be preferred where clinically appropriate. Reusable gowns, surgical textiles, and other products may reduce the amount of single-use