Behavioural assessment is a systematic process used to identify, observe, measure, and understand an individual's behaviour in relation to the environment. It is an important component of mental health practice because it focuses on observable actions rather than assumptions or hidden personality traits. The primary aim is to determine the factors that influence behaviour, identify maladaptive patterns, and develop appropriate intervention strategies. Behavioural assessment is widely used by psychologists, counsellors, psychiatrists, social workers, and other mental health professionals in clinical, educational, rehabilitation, and community settings. The behavioural approach is based on the principle that behaviour is learned and influenced by environmental conditions. Therefore, assessment examines not only the behaviour itself but also the situations that occur before and after it. This helps professionals understand why a behaviour occurs, what maintains it, and how it can be modified. The process is objective, evidence-based, and focused on current functioning rather than solely on past experiences. One of the most important methods of behavioural assessment is direct observation. The individual's behaviour is observed in natural or controlled settings, and details such as frequency, duration, intensity, and context are carefully recorded. Observation provides accurate information about behaviour and reduces dependence on self-reports, which may sometimes be biased or inaccurate. Interviews are another valuable method. Structured or semi-structured interviews with the individual, family members, teachers, or caregivers help gather information about behavioural problems, developmental history, environmental influences, and emotional functioning. Interviews also help build rapport and identify the individual's concerns and goals. Self-monitoring is frequently used when individuals are able to