Selective mutism is a childhood anxiety disorder characterized by a consistent inability to speak in specific social situations despite having the ability to speak normally in other settings. A child with selective mutism may speak freely and comfortably at home with parents and close family members but remain completely silent in school, public places, or unfamiliar social environments. This condition is not caused by a lack of language skills, hearing impairment, intellectual disability, or deliberate refusal to speak. Instead, it is closely associated with severe social anxiety and emotional distress. Selective mutism usually begins before the age of five years, although it is often recognized only after the child enters school, where verbal communication becomes essential. The disorder affects both boys and girls, but it is slightly more common among girls. Early identification and intervention are important because untreated selective mutism may interfere with academic achievement, social relationships, emotional development, and overall quality of life. The exact cause of selective mutism is not fully understood. It is believed to result from a combination of genetic, psychological, and environmental factors. Children with a family history of anxiety disorders are more likely to develop selective mutism. Temperamental characteristics such as shyness, behavioral