Armchair anthropology refers to an early approach in anthropology in which scholars studied human societies and cultures without personally visiting the communities they described. Instead of conducting direct fieldwork, these anthropologists relied on information collected by missionaries, travelers, colonial administrators, explorers, traders, and other secondary sources. The term "armchair" signifies that researchers remained in their offices or homes while interpreting and comparing data gathered by others. This method was especially popular during the nineteenth century when anthropology was emerging as an academic discipline and opportunities for extensive fieldwork were limited. The development of armchair anthropology is closely associated with evolutionist thinkers such as Edward B. Tylor, James George Frazer, and Lewis Henry Morgan. These scholars attempted to explain the origin and evolution of human culture by comparing customs, beliefs, religions, and social institutions from different societies. They assumed that all societies passed through similar stages of development from primitive to civilized. Their conclusions were largely based on written reports rather than firsthand observation. Comparative analysis was the principal research method, and the objective was to identify universal laws governing cultural evolution. From the perspective of research methods, armchair anthropology depended mainly on documentary analysis and secondary data. Researchers collected reports from different regions, organized