The AIDS Risk Reduction Model (ARRM) is a behavioral change model developed by Catania, Kegeles, and Coates in 1990 to explain and promote behaviors that reduce the risk of HIV infection. It focuses on understanding how individuals recognize their risk, make decisions to change risky behaviors, and adopt safer practices. The model is based on the assumption that reducing HIV transmission requires not only knowledge about the disease but also motivation, social support, and practical skills to practice preventive behaviors. ARRM has been widely used in HIV/AIDS prevention programs, counseling, and public health interventions. The model consists of three sequential stages. The first stage is the recognition and labeling of one's behavior as high risk. Individuals must first understand that their actions, such as having unprotected sexual intercourse, sharing contaminated needles, or engaging in multiple sexual partnerships, place them at risk of acquiring HIV. This stage is influenced by knowledge about HIV transmission, personal beliefs, perceived susceptibility, and awareness of the seriousness of AIDS. People who deny their vulnerability or lack accurate information are less likely to acknowledge the need for behavioral change. Educational campaigns, counseling, and awareness programs play an important role in increasing risk perception