Afforestation refers to the process of establishing forests on lands that have not been previously forested or have remained barren for a long time. In the context of India’s geography, it plays a crucial role in maintaining ecological balance and addressing environmental challenges. With increasing population pressure, urbanization, and agricultural expansion, large tracts of forest land have been degraded, making afforestation an essential strategy for sustainable development. India has implemented several afforestation programs such as the National Afforestation Programme and the Green India Mission to increase forest and