Question
Write short notes on the following: Answer the following questions within 300 words each.
a) Risk and Protective Factors for Sexual Health of Adolescent
b) Nutritional requirements during adolescence
c) Adolescent pregnancy and its consequences
d) Adolescent mental health issues
e) Injuries and violence in adolescents
f) National Health Policy 2017
g) Information Needs of Adolescents
h) Principles of management
i) Resource management in health care
j) Health-related legislations for women and children
Answer :
Word Count : 1444
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Skip in 10
a) Adolescence is a critical stage in which sexual health is influenced by various risk and protective factors. Risk factors include lack of sex education, peer pressure, early sexual activity, substance abuse, poverty, gender discrimination, sexual violence, and limited access to health services. These factors increase the chances of sexually transmitted infections, unintended pregnancy, unsafe abortion, and psychological stress. Social media misuse and exposure to pornography may also lead to unsafe sexual practices. Protective factors include proper family support, school-based health education, positive peer relationships, awareness regarding reproductive health, access to counseling services, and strong self-esteem. Community participation and adolescent-friendly health services help adolescents make informed decisions. Life skill education improves communication, decision-making, and refusal skills. Cultural values promoting respect and responsibility also protect adolescents from risky behaviors. Preventive MCH programs focus on counseling, immunization, nutrition, and reproductive health awareness to ensure healthy adolescent development and safe sexual practices. b) Adolescence is a period of rapid growth and development requiring increased nutritional support. Adequate nutrition is essential for physical growth, hormonal changes, cognitive development, and reproductive health. Adolescents need increased calories, proteins, vitamins, and minerals. Protein supports muscle and tissue growth, while carbohydrates and fats provide energy. Calcium and vitamin D are necessary for bone development, and iron is especially important for adolescent girls to prevent anemia due to menstruation. Deficiency of iron may lead to fatigue, poor concentration, and reduced immunity. Vitamins A, C, and B-complex support immunity and metabolism. Balanced diets including cereals, pulses, milk, fruits, vegetables, eggs, and nuts are recommended. Junk food consumption, skipping meals, and dieting practices may result in malnutrition and obesity. Nutritional counseling, regular health checkups, and school health programs are important preventive MCH measures. Nutrition education helps adolescents adopt healthy eating habits and prevents future health complications. c) Adolescent pregnancy refers to pregnancy occurring in girls aged 10–19 years. It is a major public health concern associated with medical, social, and economic consequences. Early marriage, lack of sex education, poverty, and inadequate contraceptive use are major causes. Adolescent mothers face increased risks of anemia, obstructed labor, pregnancy-induced hypertension, unsafe abortion, and maternal mortality. Babies born to adolescent mothers are more likely to have
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