Plant propagation is the process of multiplying plants in order to maintain, improve, and distribute desirable plant species and varieties. It is a fundamental practice in horticulture and nursery management, ensuring the large-scale production of uniform, healthy, and vigorous plants. Propagation enables the preservation of genetic traits such as yield, quality, disease resistance, and adaptability. It is broadly classified into sexual and asexual methods, each having specific applications and advantages in nursery operations. Sexual propagation involves the production of plants through seeds formed by the fusion of male and female gametes. This method promotes genetic variation and is commonly used in the production of rootstocks, forest trees, and crops where variability is desirable. The basic procedure includes selection of healthy and viable seeds, proper seed treatment, sowing in prepared nursery beds or containers,