Eco-feminism is an interdisciplinary philosophical, political, and social movement that establishes a connection between the domination of women and the exploitation of nature. Emerging prominently during the 1970s, eco-feminism argues that the same patriarchal structures, hierarchical systems, and ideologies that subordinate women also justify the degradation of the environment. The term "eco-feminism" was first coined by the French feminist Françoise d'Eaubonne in 1974, who called for an ecological revolution led by women to counter environmental destruction and social inequality. Since then, eco-feminism has evolved into a broad intellectual tradition incorporating insights from environmental history, ethics, sociology, anthropology, political ecology, and gender studies. Within the context of the environmental histories of the Indian subcontinent, eco-feminism has acquired distinctive significance because of the close relationship between women, natural resources, and rural livelihoods. Women have traditionally played central roles in collecting fuelwood, fodder, water, medicinal plants, and forest produce, making them primary stakeholders in environmental conservation. Consequently, environmental degradation often affects women more severely than men, while women's knowledge and participation have frequently contributed to successful conservation initiatives. Eco-feminism challenges the dualistic worldview that separates humans from nature and men from women. According to eco-feminists, Western philosophical traditions often associate men with reason, culture, and civilization, while women are associated with emotion, nature, and reproduction. These binaries have historically legitimized both the domination of women and the exploitation of the natural world. Eco-feminism rejects these hierarchies and promotes a more inclusive and interconnected understanding of society and ecology. One important facet of eco-feminism is its critique of patriarchy. Patriarchy refers to systems of male dominance that control political power, economic resources, and social institutions. Eco-feminists argue that patriarchal values emphasize control, competition, extraction, and profit maximization, encouraging unsustainable exploitation of forests, rivers, minerals, wildlife, and agricultural land. These values marginalize women, indigenous communities, and local ecological knowledge while promoting industrial expansion and consumerism. The destruction of ecosystems is therefore viewed not merely as an environmental problem but as a consequence of unequal social relations. Another significant aspect