Benefit sharing refers to the equitable distribution of advantages, profits, or benefits arising from the utilization of biological resources and associated traditional knowledge. In the context of biodiversity, it aims to ensure that the communities, individuals, or institutions that provide access to genetic resources or share traditional knowledge receive fair compensation, recognition, or other forms of benefits. The concept is fundamental to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) and has been incorporated into the national legal frameworks of many countries, including India, to promote conservation, sustainable use, and ethical access to biological resources. Benefit sharing is not merely a financial transaction; it encompasses monetary benefits such as royalties, license fees, or research grants, as well as non-monetary benefits like capacity building, technology transfer, collaborative research, and acknowledgment of traditional knowledge holders. In India, benefit sharing is primarily governed under the Biological Diversity Act, 2002, which provides a comprehensive legal framework for the conservation, sustainable use, and equitable sharing of benefits from biological resources. The Act recognizes the sovereign rights of the Indian government over biological resources and imposes obligations on individuals, companies, and institutions seeking access to such resources or associated knowledge. It is implemented through a three-tier structure consisting of the National Biodiversity Authority (NBA) at the central level, State Biodiversity Boards (SBBs) at the state level, and Biodiversity Management Committees (BMCs) at the local level. The National Biodiversity Authority (NBA), established under Section 8 of the Biological Diversity Act, 2002, plays a pivotal role in regulating access to biological resources and