Public Interest Litigation (PIL) is an important legal mechanism that enables courts to protect the rights and interests of disadvantaged, marginalized, and vulnerable sections of society. It allows any public-spirited individual, organization, or social activist to approach the court on behalf of those who are unable to seek justice due to poverty, illiteracy, disability, or social discrimination. PIL has become a significant instrument for promoting social justice, protecting human rights, and ensuring government accountability. It closely relates to the objectives of social work, as both seek to improve the welfare of individuals and communities and ensure equal access to justice. The concept of Public Interest Litigation originated in the United States during the 1960s and later developed in India during the late 1970s and early 1980s. In India, PIL emerged as a response to the inability of poor and disadvantaged people to access the judicial system. The Supreme Court expanded the traditional rule of locus standi, allowing any concerned citizen to file a petition on behalf of affected persons. This innovation transformed the judiciary into an active institution for social reform and the protection of constitutional rights. Justice P. N. Bhagwati and Justice V. R. Krishna Iyer played pioneering