IGNOU MED 4 2026 - How the infrastructure, industry and fields of energy in Him

Question

How the infrastructure, industry and fields of energy in Himalayas need to be relooked for sustainable mountain development?

12 Feb 2026

Answer :

Word Count : 465

Sustainable mountain development in the Himalayas requires a fundamental rethinking of infrastructure, industry, and energy systems in light of ecological fragility, cultural diversity, and increasing climate risks. The Himalayas are geologically young, seismically active, and highly prone to landslides, floods, and glacial lake outburst floods. Therefore, conventional models of large-scale construction and extractive growth are unsuitable and often disastrous. Infrastructure development must shift from heavy, high-impact construction to context-sensitive, decentralized, and climate-resilient designs. Road construction, for instance, has often involved indiscriminate hill cutting and blasting, destabilizing slopes and increasing landslides. Instead, eco-engineering techniques, slope stabilization through bioengineering, proper drainage systems, and strict

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