Question
How can benzotriazole be synthesised starting from ortho-phenylenediamine? Give the mechanism of the reaction.
Answer :
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Benzotriazole can be synthesized from ortho-phenylenediamine via a diazotization-cyclization reaction. The process involves treating ortho-phenylenediamine with nitrous acid (HNO₂), generated in situ from sodium nitrite (NaNO₂) and a mineral acid such as hydrochloric acid. The reaction begins with the formation of a diazonium salt at one of the amino groups of ortho-phenylenediamine. The primary amino group reacts with nitrous acid to form a diazonium ion, with the release of water. Once the diazonium salt is formed, the adjacent amino
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