IGNOU BBCCT 123 2026 - Explain the mechanism of RNA interference and discuss its ap

Question

Explain the mechanism of RNA interference and discuss its applications in gene silencing and therapeutics.

10 Feb 2026

Answer :

Word Count : 257

RNA interference (RNAi) is a conserved biological mechanism that regulates gene expression by silencing specific messenger RNA (mRNA) molecules in a sequence-specific manner. It is triggered by double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), which may originate from endogenous sources such as microRNAs (miRNAs) or exogenous sources such as viruses or experimentally introduced small interfering RNAs (siRNAs). The process begins in the cytoplasm where the enzyme Dicer, an RNase III endonuclease, cleaves long dsRNA into short fragments of about 21–23 nucleotides. These fragments possess characteristic two-nucleotide 3′ overhangs. The resulting siRNA duplex is incorporated into a multiprotein

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