Question
Compare the fidelity of transcription and DNA replication and discuss the biological significance of transcriptional errors.
Answer :
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DNA replication exhibits extremely high fidelity compared to transcription because it is responsible for preserving the genetic information that is passed from one cell generation to the next. DNA polymerases possess intrinsic proofreading activity through their 3′→5′ exonuclease function, which removes incorrectly incorporated nucleotides. In addition, post-replication mismatch repair systems further correct errors. As a result, the overall error rate of DNA replication is very low, approximately one error per 10⁹ to 10¹⁰ nucleotides. This high accuracy is essential because replication
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