Curriculum planning refers to the systematic process of organizing learning experiences, content, teaching strategies, and assessment methods in order to achieve predetermined educational objectives. It is a deliberate and thoughtful activity undertaken by educational planners, curriculum developers, teachers, and policymakers to ensure that education is purposeful, coherent, and responsive to the needs of learners and society. In the context of curriculum, teaching-learning, and assessment, curriculum planning acts as a bridge between educational philosophy and classroom practice. It determines what is to be taught, why it is to be taught, how it is to be taught, and how learning outcomes will be assessed. Curriculum planning is not merely the selection of subject matter. It involves identifying educational goals, analyzing learners’ needs, organizing content logically, selecting appropriate pedagogical approaches, and designing suitable evaluation procedures. It considers cognitive, affective, and psychomotor domains of learning and seeks to promote the holistic development of learners. Effective curriculum planning ensures alignment among objectives, learning experiences, and assessment practices. When curriculum planning is systematic, teaching becomes meaningful and assessment becomes a tool for improvement rather than mere judgment. One of the fundamental principles of curriculum planning is the principle of relevance. The curriculum must be relevant to the needs, interests, abilities, and developmental stages of learners. It should also reflect societal needs, cultural values, and national aspirations. A relevant curriculum motivates learners because it connects learning to real-life situations. For example, integrating contemporary issues, local context, and practical applications makes the curriculum meaningful and functional. Relevance also demands that the curriculum remain dynamic and adaptable to changing social, technological, and economic conditions. Another important principle is the principle of continuity. Curriculum planning should ensure that learning experiences are continuous and build progressively over time. Concepts introduced at one stage should be reinforced and expanded at later stages. This continuity helps learners develop deeper understanding and avoid fragmentation of knowledge. In teaching-learning processes, continuity ensures that there is a logical flow of ideas, and in assessment, it promotes ongoing evaluation rather than isolated examinations. Closely related to continuity is the principle of sequence. Sequence refers to the logical arrangement of content and learning experiences in a graded manner. Learning should proceed from simple to complex, concrete to abstract, known to unknown, and particular to general. Proper sequencing enhances comprehension and retention. It prevents cognitive overload and supports the natural development of learners’ intellectual abilities. In assessment, sequence helps in designing tests and tasks that gradually increase in difficulty and complexity. The principle of integration is also central to curriculum planning. Knowledge should not be presented in isolated compartments but should reflect the