Structural-functionalism in political science emerged as a prominent theoretical framework in the mid-twentieth century, drawing inspiration from sociology, particularly the works of Émile Durkheim and Talcott Parsons. This approach views political systems as complex structures composed of interrelated parts, each performing specific functions necessary for the maintenance and stability of the whole system. It seeks to understand how political institutions and processes contribute to the functioning, adaptation, and persistence of political systems across societies. The central idea is that political structures, such as legislatures, executives, bureaucracies, and parties, perform functions that meet the needs of the political system, much like organs in a biological organism. The key tenets of structural-functionalism revolve around two interlinked concepts: structures and functions. Structures refer to the institutions and organized patterns of behavior that constitute the political system, while functions denote the roles or activities these structures perform to sustain the system. Gabriel Almond and Bingham Powell, two major proponents of this approach, identified certain universal political functions such as political socialization, recruitment, communication, interest articulation, interest aggregation, rule-making, rule-application, and rule-adjudication. According to them, all political systems—whether democratic or authoritarian—must perform these functions in some form to ensure political stability and continuity. The framework thus provides a way to analyze both similarities and differences among political