The interrelationship between climate mitigation and adaptation is one of the most central debates and practical considerations in addressing climate change. Climate change is a multifaceted challenge that threatens ecosystems, human societies, and economies worldwide. It requires responses that not only seek to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and stabilize atmospheric concentrations but also help communities and systems adjust to the unavoidable impacts of a changing climate. Mitigation and adaptation are therefore two complementary strategies that are inherently interconnected, and understanding their relationship is essential for designing policies and actions that are both effective and sustainable. Mitigation refers to actions aimed at reducing or preventing the emission of greenhouse gases, thereby addressing the root cause of climate change. It involves measures such as transitioning to renewable energy, enhancing energy efficiency, reforestation, and adopting sustainable agricultural practices. The goal of mitigation is long-term: to slow down or halt the progression of climate change and eventually stabilize the Earth’s climate system. Adaptation, on the other hand, deals with the consequences of climate change that are already happening or are inevitable in the near future. It includes actions like building flood defenses, developing drought-resistant crops, improving water management, and designing resilient infrastructure. The focus of adaptation is on reducing vulnerability and enhancing the capacity of natural and human systems to cope with changing climatic conditions. The relationship between mitigation and adaptation can be seen as synergistic rather than isolated. Both strategies aim at reducing the risks posed by climate change, but they do so at different time horizons and through different pathways. Mitigation operates largely on a global scale