The ecological perspective in Urban Sociology explains the growth, structure, and organization of cities by drawing an analogy between human communities and natural ecosystems. It was primarily developed by the Chicago School of Sociology, especially by Robert E. Park, Ernest W. Burgess, and Roderick D. McKenzie. According to this perspective, urban space is shaped by competition among individuals and groups for land, resources, and economic opportunities. The city is viewed as a living organism where different social groups occupy distinct ecological niches, and urban change occurs through dynamic processes similar to those found in biological environments. The ecological approach emphasizes that spatial patterns reflect economic competition, technological development, migration, and population growth, although social and political forces also influence these patterns. One of the most significant ecological processes is invasion. Invasion refers to the entry of a new population group into an area already occupied by another group. This may involve migrants, ethnic communities, industrial establishments, or commercial activities moving into an existing residential locality. As new groups settle in a neighborhood, they compete for housing, employment, and other urban resources. For example, rapid migration to metropolitan cities often transforms traditional residential areas into mixed neighborhoods. The ecological perspective considers invasion as a natural consequence of urban expansion and demographic change. However, critics argue that invasion is not merely a natural process but is shaped by government policies, real estate markets, discrimination, and unequal access to resources. Social conflicts, political decisions, and cultural preferences often determine who invades and who is displaced. Succession follows invasion and refers to the gradual replacement of one social group by another in a