Ransomware has emerged as one of the most pervasive and damaging threats in the landscape of information and cyber security, targeting organizations, governments, and individuals alike. It is a type of malicious software that encrypts a victim’s files or locks access to systems, demanding payment, usually in cryptocurrencies, to restore access. The rapid evolution of ransomware techniques, including double extortion attacks where sensitive data is threatened with exposure, makes mitigation an essential component of modern cyber defense. Mitigating ransomware requires a multifaceted approach combining technological measures, organizational policies, employee training, and proactive incident response. One of the foundational strategies for ransomware mitigation is robust data backup and recovery mechanisms. Regular backups, maintained offline or in immutable storage, ensure that even if a ransomware attack successfully encrypts operational files, organizations can restore systems to a previous, uncompromised state without yielding to ransom demands. Modern backup strategies emphasize the 3-2-1 rule: three copies of data, on two different media, with one copy stored offsite. Additionally, backup systems should be tested frequently to verify integrity and ensure rapid recovery in case of an attack. Organizations are increasingly adopting air-gapped and cloud-integrated backup solutions, which reduce the risk of ransomware spreading to backup copies and allow for automated recovery workflows. Another critical aspect of mitigation is endpoint protection and network security. Organizations deploy advanced endpoint detection and response (EDR) tools that can monitor system behavior in real time, identify