Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) is a systematic process used to evaluate the environmental impacts of policies, plans, and programs before they are implemented. Unlike the more familiar Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA), which primarily assesses the effects of specific projects, SEA operates at a higher, strategic level. It focuses on the long-term consequences of decision-making in terms of environmental sustainability and aims to incorporate environmental considerations into the early stages of policy-making, planning, and programming processes. The primary goal of SEA is to ensure that environmental impacts are considered from the outset, which allows for more informed decision-making and helps to minimize negative effects on the environment. It aims to promote sustainable development by integrating environmental considerations into the decision-making process of governmental bodies, corporations, and other stakeholders. SEA is particularly important because environmental issues often arise as a consequence of policies and plans that are not initially assessed for their environmental consequences. The SEA process typically begins during the early stages of policy, plan, or program development. It involves identifying potential environmental impacts, considering alternatives, and evaluating possible mitigation measures. This process not only includes an assessment of potential environmental harm but also encourages the exploration of ways to enhance positive environmental outcomes. SEA can be seen as a proactive tool in environmental governance, where its application helps prevent environmental degradation by addressing issues before they reach the project level. An SEA process generally begins with the identification of the scope and the environmental aspects that need to be evaluated. The process often starts with a screening phase, which determines whether an SEA is required for the policy, plan, or program under consideration. Not all policies and plans will necessitate a full SEA; the need for an SEA depends on the potential scale and significance of the environmental impacts. In cases where the potential environmental impacts are likely to be significant, a more detailed assessment is conducted. Once it is determined that an SEA is necessary, the scoping phase follows, where the key issues to be addressed are identified. This stage is crucial because it defines the boundaries and depth of the assessment. It involves consultation with stakeholders, including environmental experts, governmental authorities, and sometimes the public, to determine which environmental factors are most relevant to the policy or plan being evaluated. The next step in the SEA process is the assessment of potential environmental impacts. This involves analyzing the likely effects of the policy, plan, or program on the environment. The assessment considers a wide range of factors, such as air quality, water resources, biodiversity, land use, waste management, and socio-economic conditions. It evaluates not only direct impacts but also indirect and cumulative effects. A critical aspect of the SEA is its focus on long-term impacts and the recognition