Fred W. Riggs developed the Prismatic-Sala model to explain the administrative and social realities of developing societies. His model emerged as a criticism of the tendency to apply Western administrative concepts universally. Riggs argued that societies differ in their social, economic, cultural and administrative structures, and therefore administrative systems must be studied in relation to their social environment. The Prismatic model describes societies that are in transition from traditional agricultural structures to modern industrial structures. Riggs identified three ideal types of societies: fused, prismatic and diffracted. The fused society represents traditional societies where different social structures and functions are not clearly differentiated. The diffracted society represents modern societies where institutions are highly specialised and functions are clearly separated. The prismatic society lies between these two extremes. It combines elements of both traditional and modern