Violence is a complex and multifaceted phenomenon that poses significant threats to human security, affecting individuals, communities, and states. Understanding the typology of violence is essential for designing effective strategies in conflict management, transformation, and peacebuilding. Broadly, violence can be categorized into several interrelated types, each impacting human security in distinct ways. Physical violence is the most visible form, involving direct bodily harm or the threat thereof. This includes assault, homicide, armed conflict, domestic abuse, and terrorism. Physical violence directly undermines personal safety and the right to life, which are central to human security. Armed conflicts and wars not only inflict injuries and deaths but also disrupt livelihoods, education, and access to essential services, creating prolonged insecurity in affected regions. Psychological or emotional violence is subtler but equally damaging. It encompasses threats, intimidation, coercion, harassment, and psychological abuse. This form of violence erodes mental well-being, fostering fear, anxiety, and trauma. In terms of human security, psychological violence diminishes a person’s autonomy