Agriculture in India is supported by a wide network of programmes and schemes implemented by the Central and State Governments to enhance productivity, ensure food security, improve farmers’ income, promote sustainability, and strengthen institutional support systems. These initiatives address diverse aspects such as crop production, irrigation, credit, insurance, marketing, infrastructure, research, and rural development. One of the flagship programmes is the Pradhan Mantri Kisan Samman Nidhi (PM-KISAN), which provides direct income support to eligible farmer families. Under this scheme, financial assistance is transferred directly to farmers’ bank accounts in installments to help them meet input costs and household expenses. It strengthens the institutional framework of direct benefit transfer and enhances financial inclusion in rural areas. The Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana (PMFBY) is a major crop insurance scheme designed to provide financial protection against crop loss due to natural calamities, pests, and diseases. Farmers pay a nominal premium, while the remaining premium is subsidized by the government. The scheme promotes risk mitigation and stabilizes farm income, thereby encouraging investment in agriculture. The Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchayee Yojana (PMKSY) aims at expanding irrigation coverage and improving water use efficiency. With the motto “Har Khet Ko Pani,” it supports the creation of irrigation infrastructure, micro-irrigation systems, and watershed development. Efficient water management enhances crop productivity and reduces vulnerability to drought. The National Food Security Mission (NFSM) focuses on increasing the production of rice, wheat, pulses,