The World Customs Organization (WCO) plays a pivotal role in combating intellectual property rights (IPR) crime, particularly in the context of international trade where counterfeit and pirated goods move across borders. As a global body representing customs administrations, the WCO provides a coordinated framework that enhances the capacity of customs authorities to detect, prevent, and suppress IPR infringements, thereby contributing significantly to the international framework for patent and broader intellectual property protection. One of the primary roles of the WCO is to develop international standards and best practices for customs enforcement. Through instruments such as the SAFE Framework of Standards, the WCO encourages member countries to adopt uniform procedures that strengthen border controls while facilitating legitimate trade. These standards incorporate risk management techniques, intelligence sharing, and the use of modern technology to identify suspicious consignments that may contain counterfeit or pirated goods. By harmonizing customs practices across jurisdictions, the WCO ensures that IPR enforcement is not fragmented but instead operates cohesively at the global level. Another important function of the WCO is capacity building. Many countries, especially developing ones, lack the technical expertise and infrastructure required to effectively combat IPR crime. The WCO addresses this gap by organizing training programs, workshops, and technical assistance initiatives aimed at enhancing the skills of customs officers. These programs focus on identifying counterfeit goods, understanding the legal framework of intellectual property, and using advanced tools for inspection and verification. The WCO also develops training modules and guidelines that serve as reference materials for customs officials worldwide. The WCO has established several specialized tools and platforms to support enforcement efforts. One such initiative is the Interface Public-Members (IPM), a secure online platform that facilitates real-time communication between customs authorities and rights holders. Through IPM, companies can provide detailed information about their products, including distinguishing features and authentication methods, which helps customs officers quickly identify counterfeit items. This collaboration between the public and private sectors is crucial in addressing IPR crime, as rights holders possess valuable knowledge about their products that can aid enforcement agencies. In addition to IPM, the WCO operates the Customs Enforcement Network (CEN), a global database that collects and analyzes data on customs offenses, including IPR violations. The