Sanitation is a fundamental requirement for public health, environmental protection, and sustainable development. It involves safe disposal of human waste, proper waste management, access to clean water, and maintenance of hygienic surroundings. Improving sanitation requires the collective efforts of multiple stakeholders including government authorities, local bodies, communities, educational institutions, private organizations, non-governmental organizations, and individuals. Each stakeholder has a distinct responsibility and plays an important role in ensuring better sanitation standards. The government plays a crucial role in improving sanitation by formulating policies, providing infrastructure, and ensuring proper implementation of sanitation programs. National and state governments develop laws, regulations, and schemes to promote sanitation facilities such as toilets, sewage systems, and waste treatment plants. Governments allocate financial resources for sanitation projects, conduct nationwide awareness campaigns, and establish guidelines for safe waste disposal. Public programs aimed at building toilets, promoting cleanliness, and improving solid and liquid waste management have significantly contributed to sanitation improvement in both urban and rural areas. Local government bodies such as municipal corporations, municipalities, and village panchayats are responsible for implementing sanitation policies at the grassroots level. They manage waste collection, sewage treatment, drainage systems, and public sanitation facilities. These local authorities ensure regular cleaning of streets, operation of waste disposal systems, and maintenance of community toilets. Panchayats in rural areas play an essential role in mobilizing local communities, monitoring