The history of movements for the conservation of the natural environment can be traced back to early human civilization, where natural resources were revered as essential for survival. However, the formalization of these movements, especially those advocating for the protection and sustainable use of natural resources, gained significant momentum in the 19th and 20th centuries, shaped by evolving attitudes towards nature, the rise of industrialization, and the growing awareness of environmental degradation. One of the earliest recorded environmental movements can be found in the writings of Henry David Thoreau, an American transcendentalist, who in the mid-1800s wrote about the need for humans to live harmoniously with nature. His work, *Walden*, published in 1854, reflected a deep concern for the natural world and its preservation, and he is often regarded as one of the first environmentalists. Thoreau’s focus on the value of nature and the importance of solitude in natural surroundings was a precursor to the modern conservation movement, as it emphasized the ethical and spiritual relationship between humans and the environment. During the late 19th century, the United States became one of the pioneers in institutionalizing environmental conservation. In 1872, the establishment of Yellowstone National Park in Wyoming marked the world’s first national park. This was a key moment in the history of environmental conservation, as it recognized the importance of preserving natural landscapes for the enjoyment of future generations. The park was established in response to concerns over the destruction of pristine areas due to hunting, mining, and other forms of exploitation. John Muir, a Scottish-American naturalist, played a vital role in advocating for the preservation of natural sites like Yellowstone. Muir’s work, particularly as a founding member of the Sierra Club in 1892, led to the establishment of numerous national parks and wilderness areas, making him one of the most influential figures in the early conservation movement in the U.S. In Europe, the concept of conservation was also taking shape in the late 19th century, with similar efforts to preserve areas of outstanding natural beauty and scientific value. The creation of national parks, like Switzerland’s establishment of the Swiss National Park in 1914, was an important step in ensuring that nature would be protected for both ecological reasons and public enjoyment. The 20th century saw the emergence of a more formalized global conservation movement, driven by increasing awareness of the destructive impacts of industrialization, urbanization, and over-exploitation of natural resources. The environmental damage caused by deforestation, pollution, and the rapid depletion of natural resources prompted many scientists, activists, and policy-makers to call for systematic efforts to protect the environment. The publication of Rachel Carson’s *Silent Spring* in 1962 marked a pivotal moment in environmental history. Carson’s investigation into the harmful effects of pesticides, particularly DDT, on wildlife and ecosystems brought environmental issues to the forefront of public