Question

 

Critically assess the concept of family, marriage and kinship in the matrilineal Khasi society.

28 Feb 2026
Answer :
Word Count : 893
The Khasi society, one of the prominent matrilineal societies in India, primarily resides in the northeastern state of Meghalaya. The Khasi people, along with other matrilineal communities like the Garos and the Jaintias, have a unique social structure that significantly influences their notions of family, marriage, and kinship. The concept of matriliny in Khasi society is pivotal to understanding the roles of individuals within the family, the transmission of property, and the social norms that guide personal relationships. In a matrilineal society like that of the Khasi, descent and inheritance are traced through the female line, a stark contrast to the patriarchal systems found in most other parts of India. This means that lineage, family identity, and ancestral property are passed down from mother to daughter, not father to son. The head of the family is often the eldest female, known as the 'Nokma,' who oversees the family's affairs, including its wealth and social obligations. The position of women in Khasi society is thus significantly elevated, as they hold primary authority in familial matters, contrasting sharply with the patriarchal structures found in many other Indian tribes and communities. In this context, marriage is seen not as an institution that binds a woman to a man, but as an arrangement that integrates the man into the woman's family. The Khasi practice a form of marriage called 'Levirate,' in which a man may marry his wife’s sister or another woman from the wife's family if she dies, thereby preserving the family lineage. Another form of marriage practiced is ‘Synteng’, where the man moves into the woman’s home after the marriage, and children belong to the woman’s family. The husband's primary role is often to help in the agricultural work and to assist in the family's economic development, but he has no claim to inheritance. Instead, the children, especially daughters, inherit the family property. In terms of kinship, the Khasi system is deeply embedded in a broader network of relationships that extend beyond the nuclear family. Kinship ties in this society are of great importance and extend to cousins, uncles, aunts,
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