Question
न्याय-वैशेषिक दर्शन में साधारण निमित्त कारण किन्हें माना गया है?
Answer :
Word Count : 834
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न्याय–वैशेषिक दर्शन भारतीय आस्तिक दर्शनों में यथार्थवादी और बहुलवादी परंपरा का प्रतिनिधित्व करता है। यह दर्शन विश्व को वास्तविक मानते हुए उसकी उत्पत्ति, संरचना और विनाश की व्याख्या कारण–कार्य सिद्धांत के माध्यम से करता है। न्याय और वैशेषिक दोनों में कारण की अवधारणा अत्यंत महत्वपूर्ण है। वैशेषिक सूत्रों में महर्षि कणाद ने पदार्थ, गुण और कर्म की चर्चा करते हुए कारण–कार्य संबंध का विश्लेषण किया है, जबकि न्यायसूत्रों में महर्षि गौतम ने तर्कशास्त्रीय पद्धति के माध्यम से इस विषय को स्पष्ट किया है। इन दोनों दर्शनों में कारण को मुख्यतः तीन प्रकारों में विभाजित किया गया है—समवायी कारण, असमवायी कारण और निमित्त कारण। निमित्त कारण के अंतर्गत ही ‘साधारण निमित्त कारण’ की संकल्पना आती है। निमित्त कारण वह होता है जो किसी कार्य की उत्पत्ति में प्रेरक या संचालक भूमिका निभाता है, परंतु वह कार्य के साथ समवाय संबंध में नहीं रहता। उदाहरण के लिए, कुम्हार का चाक घुमाना और उसकी क्रिया घट के निर्माण में सहायक होती है, इसलिए कुम्हार को घट का निमित्त कारण कहा जाता है। न्याय–वैशेषिक में निमित्त कारण दो प्रकार का माना गया है—विशेष निमित्त कारण और साधारण निमित्त कारण। विशेष निमित्त कारण वह होता है जो
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