Question
इकोनॉमिक ऑर्डर क्वांटिटी (EOQ आर्थिक आदेश मात्रा)।
Answer :
Word Count : 1087
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इकोनॉमिक ऑर्डर क्वांटिटी (EOQ) एक महत्वपूर्ण इन्वेंटरी नियंत्रण तकनीक है जिसका उपयोग किसी संस्था, उद्योग, अस्पताल, औषधि निर्माण इकाई तथा फार्मेसी में सामग्री या दवाओं की खरीद की उचित मात्रा निर्धारित करने के लिए किया जाता है। EOQ का मुख्य उद्देश्य यह पता लगाना होता है कि किसी वस्तु को कितनी मात्रा में ऑर्डर किया जाए जिससे कुल लागत न्यूनतम हो सके। यह अवधारणा सप्लाई चेन प्रबंधन, औद्योगिक प्रबंधन तथा फार्मास्यूटिकल उद्योग में अत्यंत उपयोगी है। दवा उद्योग में कच्चे पदार्थ, रसायन, पैकिंग सामग्री तथा तैयार औषधियों की उपलब्धता बनाए रखने के लिए EOQ का प्रयोग किया जाता है। फार्मास्यूटिकल केमिस्ट्री तथा स्वास्थ्य सेवाओं में दवाओं का निरंतर उपयोग होता है। यदि दवाओं की मात्रा कम हो जाए तो रोगियों के उपचार में बाधा उत्पन्न हो सकती है और यदि अत्यधिक मात्रा में दवाओं का भंडारण किया जाए तो उनकी एक्सपायरी, स्टोरेज लागत तथा पूंजी का अनावश्यक उपयोग बढ़ जाता है। इसलिए EOQ ऐसी संतुलित मात्रा निर्धारित करता है जिससे खरीद लागत तथा भंडारण लागत दोनों न्यूनतम रहें। EOQ की अवधारणा सर्वप्रथम एफ. डब्ल्यू. हैरिस द्वारा प्रस्तुत की गई थी। यह मॉडल इस सिद्धांत पर आधारित है कि प्रत्येक ऑर्डर पर एक निश्चित ऑर्डरिंग लागत आती है तथा प्रत्येक वस्तु को स्टोर करने पर होल्डिंग या कैरिंग लागत लगती है। यदि बार-बार कम मात्रा में ऑर्डर किया जाए तो ऑर्डरिंग लागत बढ़ती है, जबकि अधिक मात्रा में एक साथ खरीद करने पर भंडारण लागत बढ़ती है। EOQ इन दोनों लागतों के बीच संतुलन स्थापित करता है। EOQ का सूत्र निम्न
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