Question
संरचनावाद (Structuralism)
Answer :
Word Count : 553
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संरचनावाद मनोविज्ञान के इतिहास की प्रारम्भिक एवं महत्वपूर्ण विचारधाराओं में से एक है, जिसका मुख्य उद्देश्य मानव मन की संरचना तथा उसके चेतन अनुभवों के मूलभूत घटकों का वैज्ञानिक अध्ययन करना था। इसका विकास उन्नीसवीं शताब्दी के अंत में हुआ। जर्मन मनोवैज्ञानिक विल्हेम वुंट ने मनोविज्ञान को एक स्वतंत्र वैज्ञानिक विषय के रूप में स्थापित करने में महत्वपूर्ण भूमिका निभाई, जबकि उनके शिष्य एडवर्ड ब्रैडफोर्ड टिचनर ने संरचनावाद को व्यवस्थित रूप प्रदान किया। संरचनावाद का आधार यह धारणा थी कि जिस प्रकार किसी भौतिक वस्तु को उसके छोटे-छोटे घटकों में विभाजित करके समझा जा सकता है, उसी प्रकार चेतन अनुभवों को भी उनके मूल तत्वों में विभाजित करके समझा जा सकता है। संरचनावाद का प्रमुख विषय चेतना था। इसके अंतर्गत यह जानने का प्रयास किया जाता था कि व्यक्ति किसी वस्तु, घटना या परिस्थिति का अनुभव करते समय
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