Question
संरचनावाद और उत्तर-संरचनावाद पर तुलनात्मक चर्चा कीजिए।
Answer :
Word Count : 1227
___ ___ ________ ___ __________ ___ ________ ________ ____ __________.
______ _______ __________ ________ _______ __________ _____ ______ _________ _______ _________ _________.
___ _____ _____ __________ _______ __________ __________ ________ __________ ____ ________ ______.
___ _______ ______ ___ ____ _____ _____ _____ _____ ____.
_____ ____ _________ ______ ____ _________ ____ _____.
___ ____ ____ _________ _________ ____ __________ _____ _________ _______.
________ _______ ___ ___ _____ _____ _____ _______.
_________ ________ __________ ________ ____ __________ ___ ___ _________.
_____ ___ _____ _________ _________ _________ _________ _______.
____ _____ ____ ___ _______.
__________ ________ __________ _______ ________ _____.
________ _____ _________ _______ _________ __________ ______ _____ __________.
___ __________ ____ __________ _______ _______ _______ _________.
____ ________ ____ ________ _________.
_________ _____ _____ _________ __________ ____ _______.
_________ _____ _____ _____ ________ ______ _________ __________ __________ ____ ___.
________ ___ ___ __________ ____ _____ _____ _______.
__________ ________ __________ ___ ____ ______ __________ _____.
_____ ___ _________ ______ __________ __________.
________ ___ _______ ____ ___ ______ ___ _____.
________ _____ _________ __________ ________ ____ _________ __________ ________ __________ _______.
______ _________ _________ _____ ____ __________ ____ ____ _______.
___ ___ _______ __________ ________ ___ ____.
_____ _____ ________ ________ ____ ______ _______ ___ ___ _____ _________.
______ __________ ________ ____ ___ ____ _________ ____ __________ _____ _________ _______.
___ ________ _______ ______ ______ ________ ____ _____ _______ ___ __________.
_______ ________ _________ _______ __________ __________ ____ ________.
_____ _________ _________ _________ ___ _______ _____.
_________ ________ __________ __________ _______ ______ ____ ______ ___ _______ __________ __________.
___ ______ _____ _____ ___ _______ _______.
________ ____ ___ ____ __________.
___ ____ _________ _______ __________ __________ _______ ____ _________.
___ ____ ________ ______ ______ _______ ____ ___.
_________ ____ _____ __________ ___ _____ _____ _______ ____.
___ _________ ______ ______ _________ _____ ______ _________ ________ ____ _________ ____.
_______ _________ _______ __________ ___ ________ ________ _________ __________.
____ _______ __________ ______ _________ ___ _______ ________ _________ ______.
_______ _____ _______ _________ ___ ____ _________ ________ ___ __________ _________.
_________ ____ _______ ______ ___ __________ _______ _______ _________ __________ ____ __________.
________ ____ ___ _________ _______ _______ ________ __________ ____.
_____ __________ _________ ______ _______ _____ _________ ____ ____ _______ _________ __________.
___ _______ ________ __________ _______ __________ _________ ______ _________ ____ ______ ______.
__________ _______ ___ ____ ___ ______ __________ ____ ________ ________ __________.
______ __________ _____ __________ _________ ________ ___ ______ _________ _______ ______ _____.
_______ ________ ____ ___ __________ ________ _______ _____ ____.
________ ________ _________ ______ ______ ________ _________ ________ __________ _______ ______.
________ ______ ________ _________ ____ _______ _______ ______ ________ ____.
_________ ____ ______ __________ __________.
_________ ________ _________ _______ _______.
________ ____ ______ __________ __________ _________ _____ ___ ______ ____ _________ __________.
___ __________ __________ _____ ________ _____.
_____ __________ _______ ______ __________ _____ ________ ___ __________ _____.
_________ ___ ___ __________ _____ _________ __________ _________.
___ ___ _________ ___ ________ __________ _____ _________.
______ _______ ______ ___ _____ _____ ____ _____.
_________ ____ ________ _______ _________ __________ _________ ______ ___ _______ ________ ________.
______ __________ ______ _________ _______ _____ ___ ________.
______ ___ ______ _________ ________.
____ ___ ______ _____ _________ ________ _____.
_______ ____ __________ ______ ____ _____ ___ ____ ____ _____ _________.
________ ________ ________ _______ _____ ______ _________ _______ _____ ________ __________ ____.
_________ ________ ________ ________ ____ ___ __________ ________.
______ _______ ______ _________ ___ __________ _____.
_________ ______ _______ ________ ______ _____ _____ ________ __________ ________ _______ _____.
______ _____ ___ __________ _____ ______ ____ __________ ___.
_____ ___ ____ ____ ___ _____ __________ ___ _______ _________ _____ _____.
__________ __________ _____ __________ ________ ____ _______ _______.
__________ _______ _________ ___ _______ ____.
_____ ______ _________ __________ ________ ________ ________ ______ ___ ________ _____.
_______ ____ ___ _____ _______ ___ ____ _________ __________ ________.
_________ ____ _______ ____ ______ ______.
_________ ______ ____ _________ ________ ____.
________ ________ _________ ______ ________ _______ ______.
_________ ____ __________ _______ ____ __________ ____ _______ _______.
_________ ____ ___ _____ ______.
________ _________ _________ ___ ____ ______ ________ _______.
_________ ______ __________ _________ ________ _______ ___ ________ _______ ________.
________ ________ ______ ______ _________ ________ _______ __________.
____ __________ _____ ____ _________ ___ _________ ___.
___ ___ _______ _______ _________ _______ __________ ___ ______ _______ ___ ______.
______ ___ _____ _____ _______ ____ ____ _________.
_______ _____ ______ _________ _________ ___ ________ __________.
__________ ___ _______ _____ ____ ________ _________ ______ ______ ______.
____ ______ ________ ______ _____ ___ ___ ___ ________ _____ ____.
_____ __________ _____ _____ ________ ________ ______ _____.
_____ ____ _______ ___ _____ __________ ______.
__________ _________ ________ ____ ___ ___ _____.
_____ _______ ___ ______ _________ ____.
________ _______ ___ ____ ____ _______ ___ ____ ____ ____.
________ __________ _________ _____ ____ ___.
________ _______ ____ ______ _________.
_________ ______ ________ _______ __________ __________ _____ ____ ___ _______.
_______ ___ _______ ________ __________ __________ _____ _______ __________.
____ __________ ___ ______ ________.
_________ _________ __________ __________ _______ __________ _______ ___ ____ _____.
_____ ________ _________ _________ ______ ________ ____ _______ _______.
__________ ______ __________ _____ ____ _________ ___ _________ _________ ______ ________ ______.
______ _______ _______ _________ _______ ___ ______ _________.
___ ______ _____ ________ ______.
__________ __________ ______ _____ ___ ___ __________ ____ _________ ___ _________.
__________ _______ _______ _____ ______ __________ __________ _______ ______ ____ __________.
________ ______ _____ _____ ___ _______ ______ _____.
___ _________ _______ ________ ________ _______ __________ _______ _______ ________ ____ _____.
___ ________ _________ _______ _________ ______ ______ _____ ______.
______ ______ ________ ___ _________ ________ ____.
_______ ________ ____ _____ ________ __________ ______ ___ ___ _________ ________.
___ __________ ____ __________.
Skip in 10
संरचनावाद और उत्तर-संरचनावाद आधुनिक साहित्यिक आलोचना की दो महत्त्वपूर्ण विचारधाराएँ हैं, जिनका विकास मुख्यतः बीसवीं शताब्दी में हुआ। दोनों का संबंध भाषा, साहित्य, अर्थ और पाठ की संरचना से है, किंतु दोनों की दृष्टि और निष्कर्षों में महत्त्वपूर्ण अंतर है। संरचनावाद ने साहित्य और संस्कृति को समझने के लिए अंतर्निहित संरचनाओं, नियमों और संबंधों को केंद्र में रखा, जबकि उत्तर-संरचनावाद ने इन स्थिर संरचनाओं और निश्चित अर्थों की अवधारणा पर प्रश्न उठाया। इस प्रकार उत्तर-संरचनावाद को संरचनावाद की आलोचनात्मक प्रतिक्रिया और विस्तार के रूप में भी देखा जा सकता है। संरचनावाद का दार्शनिक और भाषावैज्ञानिक आधार स्विस भाषाविद् फर्डिनां द सस्यूर के भाषा-सिद्धांत में मिलता है। सस्यूर ने भाषा को संकेतों की एक व्यवस्थित व्यवस्था माना। उनके अनुसार प्रत्येक भाषिक संकेत दो पक्षों से मिलकर बना होता है—संकेतक और संकेतित। संकेतक ध्वनि या शब्द-रूप है, जबकि संकेतित उससे संबंधित मानसिक अवधारणा है। दोनों का संबंध स्वाभाविक न होकर मनमाना होता है। किसी शब्द का अर्थ उसके अपने भीतर स्वतंत्र रूप से मौजूद नहीं होता, बल्कि भाषा की संपूर्ण व्यवस्था में अन्य शब्दों के साथ उसके अंतर और संबंधों से निर्धारित होता है। यही विचार आगे चलकर संरचनावादी साहित्यिक आलोचना का आधार बना। संरचनावाद का प्रमुख विश्वास यह है कि किसी भी साहित्यिक रचना या सांस्कृतिक घटना के पीछे कुछ ऐसी गहरी और व्यवस्थित संरचनाएँ होती हैं, जिनके आधार पर उसका अर्थ निर्मित होता है। इसलिए संरचनावादी आलोचक केवल रचना की विषय-वस्तु या लेखक के जीवन को नहीं देखते, बल्कि यह खोजने का प्रयास करते हैं कि रचना में कौन-से नियम, प्रतिमान, संबंध, द्वंद्व और संरचनात्मक व्यवस्थाएँ काम कर रही हैं। साहित्य को एक स्वतंत्र और अलग-थलग वस्तु न मानकर व्यापक भाषिक एवं सांस्कृतिक व्यवस्था का हिस्सा माना जाता है। क्लोद लेवी-स्ट्रॉस ने
_____ ______ __________ _________ ___.___ ___ ________ ___ __________ ___ ________ ________ ____ __________.
______ _______ __________ ________ _______ __________ _____ ______ _________ _______ _________ _________.
___ _____ _____ __________ _______ __________ __________ ________ __________ ____ ________ ______.
___ _______ ______ ___ ____ _____ _____ _____ _____ ____.
_____ ____ _________ ______ ____ _________ ____ _____.
___ ____ ____ _________ _________ ____ __________ _____ _________ _______.
________ _______ ___ ___ _____ _____ _____ _______.
_________ ________ __________ ________ ____ __________ ___ ___ _________.
_____ ___ _____ _________ _________ _________ _________ _______.
____ _____ ____ ___ _______.
__________ ________ __________ _______ ________ _____.
________ _____ _________ _______ _________ __________ ______ _____ __________.
___ __________ ____ __________ _______ _______ _______ _________.
____ ________ ____ ________ _________.
_________ _____ _____ _________ __________ ____ _______.
_________ _____ _____ _____ ________ ______ _________ __________ __________ ____ ___.
________ ___ ___ __________ ____ _____ _____ _______.
__________ ________ __________ ___ ____ ______ __________ _____.
_____ ___ _________ ______ __________ __________.
________ ___ _______ ____ ___ ______ ___ _____.
________ _____ _________ __________ ________ ____ _________ __________ ________ __________ _______.
______ _________ _________ _____ ____ __________ ____ ____ _______.
___ ___ _______ __________ ________ ___ ____.
_____ _____ ________ ________ ____ ______ _______ ___ ___ _____ _________.
______ __________ ________ ____ ___ ____ _________ ____ __________ _____ _________ _______.
___ ________ _______ ______ ______ ________ ____ _____ _______ ___ __________.
_______ ________ _________ _______ __________ __________ ____ ________.
_____ _________ _________ _________ ___ _______ _____.
_________ ________ __________ __________ _______ ______ ____ ______ ___ _______ __________ __________.
___ ______ _____ _____ ___ _______ _______.
________ ____ ___ ____ __________.
___ ____ _________ _______ __________ __________ _______ ____ _________.
___ ____ ________ ______ ______ _______ ____ ___.
_________ ____ _____ __________ ___ _____ _____ _______ ____.
___ _________ ______ ______ _________ _____ ______ _________ ________ ____ _________ ____.
_______ _________ _______ __________ ___ ________ ________ _________ __________.
____ _______ __________ ______ _________ ___ _______ ________ _________ ______.
_______ _____ _______ _________ ___ ____ _________ ________ ___ __________ _________.
_________ ____ _______ ______ ___ __________ _______ _______ _________ __________ ____ __________.
________ ____ ___ _________ _______ _______ ________ __________ ____.
_____ __________ _________ ______ _______ _____ _________ ____ ____ _______ _________ __________.
___ _______ ________ __________ _______ __________ _________ ______ _________ ____ ______ ______.
__________ _______ ___ ____ ___ ______ __________ ____ ________ ________ __________.
______ __________ _____ __________ _________ ________ ___ ______ _________ _______ ______ _____.
_______ ________ ____ ___ __________ ________ _______ _____ ____.
________ ________ _________ ______ ______ ________ _________ ________ __________ _______ ______.
________ ______ ________ _________ ____ _______ _______ ______ ________ ____.
_________ ____ ______ __________ __________.
_________ ________ _________ _______ _______.
________ ____ ______ __________ __________ _________ _____ ___ ______ ____ _________ __________.
___ __________ __________ _____ ________ _____.
_____ __________ _______ ______ __________ _____ ________ ___ __________ _____.
_________ ___ ___ __________ _____ _________ __________ _________.
___ ___ _________ ___ ________ __________ _____ _________.
______ _______ ______ ___ _____ _____ ____ _____.
_________ ____ ________ _______ _________ __________ _________ ______ ___ _______ ________ ________.
______ __________ ______ _________ _______ _____ ___ ________.
______ ___ ______ _________ ________.
____ ___ ______ _____ _________ ________ _____.
_______ ____ __________ ______ ____ _____ ___ ____ ____ _____ _________.
________ ________ ________ _______ _____ ______ _________ _______ _____ ________ __________ ____.
_________ ________ ________ ________ ____ ___ __________ ________.
______ _______ ______ _________ ___ __________ _____.
_________ ______ _______ ________ ______ _____ _____ ________ __________ ________ _______ _____.
______ _____ ___ __________ _____ ______ ____ __________ ___.
_____ ___ ____ ____ ___ _____ __________ ___ _______ _________ _____ _____.
__________ __________ _____ __________ ________ ____ _______ _______.
__________ _______ _________ ___ _______ ____.
_____ ______ _________ __________ ________ ________ ________ ______ ___ ________ _____.
_______ ____ ___ _____ _______ ___ ____ _________ __________ ________.
_________ ____ _______ ____ ______ ______.
_________ ______ ____ _________ ________ ____.
________ ________ _________ ______ ________ _______ ______.
_________ ____ __________ _______ ____ __________ ____ _______ _______.
_________ ____ ___ _____ ______.
________ _________ _________ ___ ____ ______ ________ _______.
_________ ______ __________ _________ ________ _______ ___ ________ _______ ________.
________ ________ ______ ______ _________ ________ _______ __________.
____ __________ _____ ____ _________ ___ _________ ___.
___ ___ _______ _______ _________ _______ __________ ___ ______ _______ ___ ______.
______ ___ _____ _____ _______ ____ ____ _________.
_______ _____ ______ _________ _________ ___ ________ __________.
__________ ___ _______ _____ ____ ________ _________ ______ ______ ______.
____ ______ ________ ______ _____ ___ ___ ___ ________ _____ ____.
_____ __________ _____ _____ ________ ________ ______ _____.
_____ ____ _______ ___ _____ __________ ______.
__________ _________ ________ ____ ___ ___ _____.
_____ _______ ___ ______ _________ ____.
________ _______ ___ ____ ____ _______ ___ ____ ____ ____.
________ __________ _________ _____ ____ ___.
________ _______ ____ ______ _________.
_________ ______ ________ _______ __________ __________ _____ ____ ___ _______.
_______ ___ _______ ________ __________ __________ _____ _______ __________.
____ __________ ___ ______ ________.
_________ _________ __________ __________ _______ __________ _______ ___ ____ _____.
_____ ________ _________ _________ ______ ________ ____ _______ _______.
__________ ______ __________ _____ ____ _________ ___ _________ _________ ______ ________ ______.
______ _______ _______ _________ _______ ___ ______ _________.
___ ______ _____ ________ ______.
__________ __________ ______ _____ ___ ___ __________ ____ _________ ___ _________.
__________ _______ _______ _____ ______ __________ __________ _______ ______ ____ __________.
________ ______ _____ _____ ___ _______ ______ _____.
___ _________ _______ ________ ________ _______ __________ _______ _______ ________ ____ _____.
___ ________ _________ _______ _________ ______ ______ _____ ______.
______ ______ ________ ___ _________ ________ ____.
_______ ________ ____ _____ ________ __________ ______ ___ ___ _________ ________.
___ __________ ____ __________.
IGNOU ACADEMY
Your IGNOU journey, made easier.
- Solved Assignments
- Study Notes
- Guess Papers
- Question Papers
Continue Reading — It's Free
Sign in with Google to unlock more of this answer.
✓ Free access
✓ Unlock up to 60% of the answer
✓ No payment required
✓ Unlock up to 60% of the answer
✓ No payment required
Quick Google sign-in. No separate registration form.