Question
विश्व बैंक समूह (World Bank Group) की संस्थाओं की पहचान कीजिए। IMF तथा विश्व बैंक के बीच अंतर स्पष्ट कीजिए।
Answer :
Word Count : 621
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विश्व बैंक समूह (World Bank Group) एक अंतरराष्ट्रीय वित्तीय संस्थाओं का समूह है, जिसकी स्थापना द्वितीय विश्व युद्ध के बाद वैश्विक आर्थिक पुनर्निर्माण, गरीबी उन्मूलन तथा विकासशील देशों के आर्थिक एवं सामाजिक विकास को प्रोत्साहित करने के उद्देश्य से की गई थी। इसका मुख्यालय वाशिंगटन डी.सी. (संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका) में स्थित है। विश्व बैंक समूह विकासशील देशों को वित्तीय सहायता, तकनीकी सहयोग, नीति संबंधी सलाह तथा क्षमता निर्माण में सहयोग प्रदान करता है। विश्व बैंक समूह की पाँच प्रमुख संस्थाएँ हैं। पहली संस्था अंतर्राष्ट्रीय पुनर्निर्माण एवं विकास बैंक (International Bank for Reconstruction and Development – IBRD) है। इसकी स्थापना 1944 में हुई थी। यह मध्यम आय वाले तथा साख योग्य निम्न आय वाले देशों को विकास परियोजनाओं के लिए ऋण उपलब्ध कराता है। इसका उद्देश्य आधारभूत संरचना, शिक्षा, स्वास्थ्य, ऊर्जा तथा अन्य विकास कार्यक्रमों को वित्तीय सहायता प्रदान करना है। दूसरी संस्था अंतर्राष्ट्रीय विकास संघ (International Development Association – IDA) है, जिसकी स्थापना 1960 में
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