Question
वर्क शेड्यूलिंग
Answer :
Word Count : 1522
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वर्क शेड्यूलिंग संचालन प्रबंधन का एक महत्वपूर्ण भाग है, जिसके अंतर्गत उपलब्ध मानव संसाधनों, मशीनों, सामग्री, समय तथा अन्य संसाधनों का इस प्रकार नियोजन और आवंटन किया जाता है कि उत्पादन या सेवा संबंधी कार्य निर्धारित समय पर, उचित लागत में और अपेक्षित गुणवत्ता के साथ पूरे हो सकें। सरल शब्दों में, वर्क शेड्यूलिंग का अर्थ यह तय करना है कि कौन-सा कार्य, किस संसाधन द्वारा, किस समय और किस क्रम में किया जाएगा। किसी संगठन की उत्पादकता, समय पर डिलीवरी, संसाधनों के उपयोग और ग्राहक संतुष्टि पर शेड्यूलिंग का प्रत्यक्ष प्रभाव पड़ता है। संचालन प्रबंधन में उत्पादन प्रक्रिया अनेक कार्यों और गतिविधियों से मिलकर बनी होती है। इन कार्यों को पूरा करने के लिए मशीनों, श्रमिकों, उपकरणों और अन्य संसाधनों की आवश्यकता होती है। यदि इन संसाधनों का सही समय पर और सही तरीके से उपयोग नहीं किया जाए, तो मशीनें खाली रह सकती हैं, श्रमिकों का समय नष्ट हो सकता है, उत्पादन में देरी हो सकती है और लागत बढ़ सकती है। इसलिए वर्क शेड्यूलिंग का प्रमुख उद्देश्य उपलब्ध संसाधनों का अधिकतम और प्रभावी उपयोग करते हुए उत्पादन प्रक्रिया को व्यवस्थित बनाना है। वर्क शेड्यूलिंग में सबसे पहले कार्यों की पहचान की जाती है। प्रत्येक कार्य की प्रकृति, उसकी अवधि, आवश्यक संसाधन, प्राथमिकता तथा निर्धारित समय का अध्ययन किया जाता है। इसके बाद यह निर्धारित किया जाता है कि कौन-सा कार्य पहले किया जाएगा और कौन-सा बाद में। उदाहरण के लिए, यदि किसी कारखाने में किसी उत्पाद के निर्माण के लिए कटिंग, ड्रिलिंग, असेंबली और पैकेजिंग जैसे चार कार्य हैं, तो इन कार्यों को उचित क्रम में निर्धारित करना आवश्यक होगा। एक कार्य के पूरा होने के बाद दूसरे कार्य को शुरू करने की आवश्यकता हो सकती है। इस प्रकार कार्यों का क्रम उत्पादन की गति और दक्षता को प्रभावित करता है। वर्क शेड्यूलिंग के प्रमुख उद्देश्यों में उत्पादन लक्ष्यों को समय पर प्राप्त करना, मशीनों और श्रमिकों का अधिकतम उपयोग करना, उत्पादन में प्रतीक्षा समय कम करना, कार्यों के बीच होने वाली देरी को कम करना, कार्य-प्रगति में लगी सामग्री के स्तर
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