Question
भारत के विभाजन के लिए उत्तरदायी कारणों का विश्लेषण कीजिए।
Answer :
Word Count : 785
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1857 के विद्रोह के बाद भारत में ब्रिटिश शासन ने यह स्पष्ट कर दिया कि वे भारतीय समाज की विविधताओं का उपयोग अपने साम्राज्यवादी हितों के लिए करेंगे। इसी नीति के अंतर्गत “फूट डालो और राज करो” की रणनीति अपनाई गई, जिसने धीरे-धीरे धार्मिक, सामाजिक और राजनीतिक विभाजनों को गहरा किया। भारत के विभाजन के लिए उत्तरदायी कारणों का विश्लेषण करते समय औपनिवेशिक नीतियों, सांप्रदायिक राजनीति, राष्ट्रीय आंदोलन की आंतरिक कमजोरियों और तत्कालीन अंतरराष्ट्रीय परिस्थितियों को समग्र रूप से समझना आवश्यक है। ब्रिटिश औपनिवेशिक नीति विभाजन का एक मूल कारण रही। 1905 का बंगाल विभाजन इसका प्रमुख उदाहरण है, जिसमें प्रशासनिक सुविधा के नाम पर हिंदू और मुस्लिम बहुल क्षेत्रों को अलग किया गया। यद्यपि यह विभाजन बाद में रद्द कर दिया गया, लेकिन इसने सांप्रदायिक चेतना को संगठित रूप देने का कार्य किया। ब्रिटिश सरकार ने मुसलमानों को पृथक राजनीतिक पहचान देने के लिए 1909 के मॉर्ले–मिंटो सुधारों में पृथक निर्वाचक मंडल की व्यवस्था की, जिससे सामूहिक राष्ट्रीयता की भावना कमजोर हुई और धार्मिक आधार पर राजनीति को वैधता मिली। सांप्रदायिकता का उदय भी विभाजन का एक महत्वपूर्ण कारण था।
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