Question
भगवद्गीता के अनुसार आत्मोन्नति का स्वरूप एवं उसके प्रमुख साधनों का विवेचन कीजिए।
Answer :
Word Count : 1260
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भगवद्गीता भारतीय दर्शन का ऐसा अद्वितीय ग्रंथ है, जिसमें मनुष्य के आध्यात्मिक, नैतिक, सामाजिक तथा व्यावहारिक जीवन का समन्वित स्वरूप प्रस्तुत किया गया है। गीता के अनुसार आत्मोन्नति का अर्थ केवल बाह्य उपलब्धियों या भौतिक समृद्धि से नहीं है, बल्कि अपने वास्तविक स्वरूप अर्थात् आत्मा की पहचान करना, मन एवं इन्द्रियों पर नियंत्रण स्थापित करना, कर्तव्य का निष्ठापूर्वक पालन करना तथा परमात्मा के साथ एकत्व की अनुभूति प्राप्त करना है। आत्मोन्नति व्यक्ति के आंतरिक विकास की ऐसी प्रक्रिया है, जिसके माध्यम से वह अज्ञान, मोह, राग, द्वेष, अहंकार और आसक्ति से मुक्त होकर सत्य, धर्म, शांति तथा आत्मसंतोष को प्राप्त करता है। भारतीय सामाजिक विचारधारा में व्यक्ति, परिवार और समाज की उन्नति का आधार भी व्यक्ति की आत्मोन्नति को ही माना गया है, क्योंकि श्रेष्ठ व्यक्ति ही श्रेष्ठ परिवार और श्रेष्ठ समाज का निर्माण करता है। भगवद्गीता में आत्मा को नित्य, शाश्वत, अविनाशी और अजन्मा बताया गया है। शरीर नश्वर है, जबकि आत्मा कभी नष्ट नहीं होती। जब मनुष्य इस सत्य को समझ लेता है कि वह केवल शरीर नहीं, बल्कि अमर आत्मा है, तब उसके जीवन में दृष्टिकोण का परिवर्तन होता है। यही परिवर्तन आत्मोन्नति का प्रथम चरण है। गीता के द्वितीय अध्याय में श्रीकृष्ण अर्जुन को आत्मा के इस शाश्वत स्वरूप का ज्ञान देकर उसके मोह का निवारण करते हैं। इस प्रकार आत्मज्ञान आत्मोन्नति का मूल आधार है। आत्मोन्नति का दूसरा स्वरूप समत्व की भावना है। गीता में सुख-दुःख, लाभ-हानि, जय-पराजय तथा मान-अपमान में समान रहने का उपदेश दिया गया है। जो व्यक्ति परिस्थितियों से विचलित नहीं होता, वही स्थिरबुद्धि कहलाता है। समत्व मनुष्य को मानसिक संतुलन प्रदान करता है तथा उसे बाह्य परिस्थितियों का दास बनने से बचाता है। यह आत्मिक परिपक्वता का महत्वपूर्ण लक्षण है। आत्मोन्नति का एक अन्य स्वरूप निष्काम कर्म है। गीता में कर्म
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