Question
बंगला और हिंदी में क्या भाषिक समानताएँ हैं, उदाहरण सहित बताइए।
Answer :
Word Count : 1385
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# बंगला और हिंदी में भाषिक समानताएँ बंगला और हिंदी दोनों भारतीय आर्य भाषा-परिवार की प्रमुख भाषाएँ हैं। बंगला मुख्यतः पश्चिम बंगाल, त्रिपुरा तथा बांग्लादेश में बोली और लिखी जाती है, जबकि हिंदी भारत के विशाल भू-भाग में संपर्क तथा राजभाषा के रूप में व्यापक रूप से प्रयुक्त होती है। ऐतिहासिक विकास की दृष्टि से दोनों भाषाओं का संबंध संस्कृत तथा प्राकृत-अपभ्रंश की परंपरा से जुड़ा हुआ है। इसी कारण दोनों भाषाओं में शब्द-संपदा, वाक्य-विन्यास, व्याकरण, ध्वनि और अभिव्यक्ति के अनेक स्तरों पर समानताएँ दिखाई देती हैं। यद्यपि दोनों भाषाओं की अपनी स्वतंत्र प्रकृति और साहित्यिक परंपरा है, फिर भी बंगला से हिंदी तथा हिंदी से बंगला अनुवाद करते समय इन भाषिक समानताओं का विशेष महत्त्व होता है। दोनों भाषाओं की सबसे प्रमुख समानता यह है कि दोनों का विकास भारतीय आर्य भाषाओं की परंपरा में हुआ है। संस्कृत, पालि, प्राकृत और अपभ्रंश के विभिन्न चरणों से गुजरते हुए आधुनिक भारतीय भाषाओं का निर्माण हुआ। हिंदी के विकास में शौरसेनी अपभ्रंश और उससे संबंधित बोलियों का महत्त्व रहा, जबकि बंगला का विकास पूर्वी भारतीय अपभ्रंश तथा मागधी प्राकृत की परंपरा से माना जाता है। अलग-अलग क्षेत्रीय विकास के बावजूद दोनों भाषाओं में संस्कृत मूल के अनेक शब्द समान रूप से पाए जाते हैं। जैसे—‘समाज’, ‘शिक्षा’, ‘भाषा’, ‘साहित्य’, ‘प्रेम’, ‘धर्म’, ‘संस्कृति’, ‘प्रकृति’, ‘मानव’, ‘समय’ और ‘जीवन’ आदि शब्द दोनों भाषाओं में प्रचलित हैं। शब्द-संपदा की दृष्टि से भी बंगला और हिंदी में पर्याप्त समानता है। संस्कृत से सीधे लिए गए तत्सम शब्द दोनों भाषाओं में बड़ी संख्या में मिलते हैं। उदाहरण के लिए हिंदी में कहा जाता है—“मानव जीवन प्रकृति से जुड़ा हुआ है।” बंगला में इसका रूप होगा—“মানব জীবন প্রকৃতির সঙ্গে যুক্ত।” यहाँ ‘मानव’ और ‘जीवन’ जैसे
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