Question
प्रशासन पर न्यायिक नियंत्रण के रूपों का वर्णन कीजिए।
Answer :
Word Count : 1272
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Skip in 10
लोकतांत्रिक शासन व्यवस्था में प्रशासन का उद्देश्य केवल सरकारी नीतियों और कानूनों का कार्यान्वयन करना ही नहीं, बल्कि नागरिकों के अधिकारों की रक्षा करते हुए विधि के शासन (Rule of Law) को बनाए रखना भी है। यदि प्रशासन अपने अधिकारों का दुरुपयोग करता है, मनमाने ढंग से निर्णय लेता है अथवा संविधान एवं कानून के विपरीत कार्य करता है, तो उस पर नियंत्रण स्थापित करना आवश्यक हो जाता है। प्रशासन पर नियंत्रण के अनेक साधन हैं, जैसे—विधायी नियंत्रण, कार्यपालिका का नियंत्रण, लोकमत तथा न्यायिक नियंत्रण। इनमें न्यायिक नियंत्रण सबसे प्रभावी एवं निष्पक्ष नियंत्रण माना जाता है, क्योंकि न्यायपालिका संविधान की संरक्षक तथा नागरिकों के मौलिक एवं वैधानिक अधिकारों की रक्षक है। न्यायिक नियंत्रण का तात्पर्य उस व्यवस्था से है जिसके अंतर्गत न्यायालय प्रशासनिक कार्यों, आदेशों तथा निर्णयों की वैधता की समीक्षा करते हैं और आवश्यकता पड़ने पर उन्हें निरस्त, संशोधित अथवा अवैध घोषित करते हैं। प्रशासन पर न्यायिक नियंत्रण का प्रमुख आधार संविधान, विधि का शासन, प्राकृतिक न्याय के सिद्धांत तथा न्यायिक पुनरावलोकन (Judicial Review) की व्यवस्था है। भारतीय संविधान के अनुच्छेद 32 एवं 226 सर्वोच्च न्यायालय तथा उच्च न्यायालयों को प्रशासनिक कार्यों की वैधता की समीक्षा करने तथा नागरिकों के अधिकारों की रक्षा हेतु आवश्यक आदेश जारी करने का अधिकार प्रदान करते हैं। प्रशासन पर न्यायिक नियंत्रण का प्रथम और सर्वाधिक महत्वपूर्ण रूप न्यायिक पुनरावलोकन है। न्यायिक पुनरावलोकन का अर्थ है कि न्यायालय यह परीक्षण करते हैं कि प्रशासनिक कार्य संविधान, विधि तथा निर्धारित प्रक्रियाओं के अनुरूप हैं या नहीं। यदि कोई प्रशासनिक आदेश संविधान के प्रावधानों, विधिक सिद्धांतों अथवा प्राकृतिक न्याय के नियमों का उल्लंघन करता है, तो न्यायालय उसे निरस्त कर सकते हैं। यह
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