Question
निर्णय के आवश्यकता-पदानुक्रम सिद्धांत की विशेषताओं कीजिए।
Answer :
Word Count : 614
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निर्णय के आवश्यकता-पदानुक्रम सिद्धांत का प्रतिपादन अब्राहम मैस्लो ने किया। यद्यपि यह मूलतः प्रेरणा का सिद्धांत है, फिर भी प्रशासनिक सिद्धांत और संगठनात्मक व्यवहार में इसका व्यापक उपयोग होता है। इस सिद्धांत के अनुसार प्रत्येक व्यक्ति की आवश्यकताएँ एक निश्चित क्रम या पदानुक्रम में व्यवस्थित होती हैं। जब निम्न स्तर की आवश्यकताएँ पर्याप्त रूप से संतुष्ट हो जाती हैं, तब व्यक्ति उच्च स्तर की आवश्यकताओं की पूर्ति के लिए निर्णय लेता है और उसी के अनुरूप व्यवहार करता है। प्रशासनिक निर्णयों, मानव संसाधन प्रबंधन तथा संगठनात्मक नीतियों को समझने में यह सिद्धांत अत्यंत उपयोगी माना जाता है। इस सिद्धांत की सबसे प्रमुख विशेषता आवश्यकताओं का क्रमबद्ध वर्गीकरण है। मैस्लो ने मानव आवश्यकताओं को पाँच स्तरों में विभाजित किया है—शारीरिक आवश्यकताएँ, सुरक्षा संबंधी आवश्यकताएँ, सामाजिक आवश्यकताएँ, सम्मान अथवा प्रतिष्ठा की आवश्यकताएँ तथा आत्म-साक्षात्कार की आवश्यकताएँ। यह
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