Question
जैवनैतिकता (बायोएथिक्स) क्या है? जैवनैतिकता में कुछ प्रमुख मुद्दों पर चर्चा करें।
Answer :
Word Count : 897
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जैवनैतिकता (बायोएथिक्स) अनुप्रयुक्त नैतिकता की वह शाखा है जो जीवविज्ञान, चिकित्सा, स्वास्थ्य सेवाओं और जीवन-विज्ञान से जुड़े निर्णयों के नैतिक, सामाजिक और कानूनी पक्षों का अध्ययन करती है। विज्ञान और प्रौद्योगिकी के तीव्र विकास के कारण मनुष्य अब जन्म, मृत्यु, प्रजनन, आनुवंशिकी और उपचार से संबंधित जटिल निर्णय लेने की स्थिति में है। इन निर्णयों का प्रभाव केवल व्यक्तिगत स्तर पर नहीं, बल्कि परिवार, समाज और मानवता पर भी पड़ता है। इसलिए यह आवश्यक हो गया है कि वैज्ञानिक प्रगति को नैतिक मूल्यों, मानवाधिकारों और सामाजिक न्याय के संदर्भ में परखा जाए। जैवनैतिकता का उद्देश्य वैज्ञानिक उन्नति और मानवीय मूल्यों के बीच संतुलन स्थापित करना है, ताकि मानव गरिमा, स्वायत्तता और कल्याण सुरक्षित रह सकें। जैवनैतिकता के मूल सिद्धांतों में स्वायत्तता (Autonomy), उपकार (Beneficence), अहानिकारिता (Non-maleficence) और न्याय (Justice) प्रमुख हैं। स्वायत्तता का अर्थ है कि प्रत्येक व्यक्ति को अपने शरीर और उपचार संबंधी निर्णय स्वयं लेने का अधिकार हो। उपकार का तात्पर्य है कि चिकित्सक और शोधकर्ता ऐसे कार्य करें जो रोगी या समाज के हित में हों। अहानिकारिता का सिद्धांत यह कहता है कि किसी भी कार्य से अनावश्यक हानि नहीं होनी चाहिए। न्याय का अर्थ है संसाधनों और उपचार की सुविधाओं का समान और निष्पक्ष वितरण। इन सिद्धांतों के आधार पर विभिन्न जैवनैतिक
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