Question
अनुप्रयुक्त नीतिशास्त्र क्या है? नैतिक सामग्री को समझने के तीन दृष्टिकोण क्या हैं?
Answer :
Word Count : 879
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अनुप्रयुक्त नीतिशास्त्र वह शाखा है जो नैतिक सिद्धांतों और मूल्यों को जीवन की व्यावहारिक परिस्थितियों में लागू करने का अध्ययन करती है। यह केवल यह नहीं पूछती कि ‘क्या सही है और क्या गलत’, बल्कि यह भी स्पष्ट करती है कि विशेष सामाजिक, व्यावसायिक, वैज्ञानिक और व्यक्तिगत परिस्थितियों में नैतिक निर्णय कैसे लिए जाएँ। जहाँ पारंपरिक या सैद्धांतिक नीतिशास्त्र नैतिक अवधारणाओं जैसे कर्तव्य, सद्गुण, न्याय और अधिकार की व्याख्या करता है, वहीं अनुप्रयुक्त नीतिशास्त्र इन सिद्धांतों को चिकित्सा, व्यवसाय, पर्यावरण, राजनीति, मीडिया, जैव-प्रौद्योगिकी, शिक्षा और परिवार जैसे क्षेत्रों में उत्पन्न होने वाली वास्तविक समस्याओं पर लागू करता है। उदाहरण के लिए इच्छामृत्यु, गर्भपात, पर्यावरण संरक्षण, उपभोक्ता अधिकार, कॉर्पोरेट उत्तरदायित्व, मानवाधिकार और गोपनीयता जैसे प्रश्न अनुप्रयुक्त नीतिशास्त्र के अंतर्गत आते हैं। अनुप्रयुक्त नीतिशास्त्र का मुख्य उद्देश्य नैतिक दुविधाओं का समाधान प्रस्तुत करना है। आधुनिक समाज में विज्ञान और तकनीक के विकास के कारण अनेक नई समस्याएँ सामने आई हैं जिनका समाधान केवल कानूनी नियमों से नहीं हो सकता। इन समस्याओं के समाधान के लिए नैतिक दृष्टिकोण आवश्यक है, जिससे यह निर्धारित किया जा सके कि कौन-सा निर्णय मानव कल्याण, न्याय और सामाजिक हित के अनुकूल है।
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