Ethnicity is widely regarded in sociology as a socially constructed phenomenon rather than a purely biological or natural category. Although ethnic groups may share common ancestry, language, culture, religion, customs, or historical experiences, the meanings attached to these characteristics are created, maintained, and transformed through social processes. In the Indian context, ethnicity has evolved through interactions among history, politics, culture, migration, colonial administration, and state policies, making it an important subject of sociological inquiry. The concept of social construction implies that ethnicity does not exist independently of society. Instead, societies define boundaries between groups by identifying certain cultural markers as significant. These boundaries are reinforced through socialization, institutions, traditions, education, media, and political discourse. Consequently, ethnicity is dynamic rather than fixed, and its meaning varies across time and place. Fredrik Barth argued that ethnic groups are distinguished less by their cultural content than by the boundaries they maintain. According to him, ethnicity persists because social groups actively define who belongs and who does not. These boundaries are created through interaction with others rather than through isolation. Thus, ethnicity is a product of social relationships and collective identity. Max Weber viewed ethnic groups as communities that believe in a